Osteoporosis is a condition characterised by weakened bones and increased fracture risk, often misunderstood as solely due to calcium loss. In reality, bone health depends on a complex interplay of minerals, hormones, and metabolic processes. Vitamin D, magnesium, vitamin K2, and protein are essential for bone strength, while hormones such as oestrogen and testosterone regulate bone turnover. Chronic inflammation, stress, poor gut health, and sedentary lifestyle further accelerate bone loss. Effective prevention and treatment require a comprehensive approach addressing nutrition, hormonal balance, physical activity, and underlying metabolic health—not just calcium supplementation.